◆Interface topography observation: The scanning electron microscope can be used to observe the interface topography between the membrane and the substrate or other layers to understand the bonding of the interface and possible defects.

◆Interface composition analysis: Energy dispersive spectrometer technology can be used to quantitatively analyze the composition of the interface area, which can reveal the distribution of elements and possible chemical reactions at the interface.

◆Permeability: By observing the pore structure and surface morphology of the membrane material, its permeability can be preliminarily evaluated. For example, the pore size, distribution, and connectivity of porous membranes directly affect their permeation flux and selectivity.

◆Mechanical properties: The scanning electron microscope can be used to observe the fracture surface morphology of membrane materials, and analyze the mechanical properties of membrane materials, such as strength and toughness, based on mechanical test data.

◆Polymer membranes: The scanning electron microscope is widely used to observe the micro topography of polymer membranes, such as the microporous structure and particle distribution on the surface of the membrane. It is of great significance for the study of the preparation process, performance optimization and application development of polymer membranes.

◆Ceramic membranes: Ceramic membranes have attracted much attention because of their excellent high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. The scanning electron microscope can be used to observe the surface topography and pore structure of ceramic membranes to evaluate their filtration performance and mechanical strength.

◆Biological membranes: In the field of biomedicine, the scanning electron microscope can be used to observe the microstructure and composition of biological membranes (such as cell membranes, tissue membranes, etc.), providing an important basis for studying the physiological functions, pathological changes and drug action mechanisms of biological membranes.